Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) also known as genital reconstruction surgery, sex affirmation surgery, or sex-change operation is a term for the surgical operations by which a person's physical manifestation and function of their existing sexual characteristics are altered to look like that of the other sex. It is part of a treatment for sex identity disorder in transsexual and transgender people. It may also be carried out on intersex people, often in childhood. Other terms for it include gender reassignment surgery, sex reconstruction surgery, genital reconstruction surgery, gender confirmation surgery, and more clinical terms, such as penectomy, orcidectomy and vaginoplasty are used medically for trans women, with masculinizing genitoplasty often likewise used for trans men.
The best known of these surgeries are those that reform the genitals, which are also identified as genital reassignment surgery or genital reconstruction surgery (GRS). On the other hand, the meaning of "sex reassignment surgery" has been illuminated by the medical subspecialty organization to include any of a larger number of surgical operations performed as part of a medical treatment for "gender identity disorder". Necessary sex reassignment surgeries include "complete hysterectomy, bilateral mastectomy, chest reconstruction or augmentation including breast prostheses if necessary, genital reconstruction and certain facial plastic reconstruction. Moreover, other non-surgical procedures are also considered medically necessary treatments including facial electrolysis.
The collection of medically necessary surgeries changes for trans women (male to female) rather than trans men (female to male). For trans women, genital reconstruction typically involves the surgical construction of a vagina, whereas in the case of trans men, genital reconstruction may involve either construction of a penis or metoidioplasty. In both cases, for trans women and trans men, genital surgery may also include other medically necessary ancillary events, such as orchiectomy or vaginectomy. A medically-assisted transition from one sex to another may involve any of a array of non-genital surgical procedures, any of which are considered "sex reassignment surgery" when performed as fraction of treatment for transsexualism. For trans men these may comprise mastectomy (removal of the female breasts) and chest reconstruction (the shaping of a male-contoured chest), or hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. For some trans women, facial feminization surgery and breast augmentation are also medically essential components of their surgical treatment.
Benefits covering sex reassignment related procedures, frequently includes genital reconstruction surgery (MTF and FTM), chest reconstruction (FTM), breast augmentation (MTF), and hysterectomy (FTM).Gender Identity Disorder covers benefits represents bias, and that the AMA supports "public and private health insurance coverage for treatment for gender identity disorder as suggested by the patient's physician.
People who follow sex reassignment surgery are typically referred to as transsexual; "trans" - across, through, change; "sexual" - pertaining to the sexual characteristics (not sexual actions) of a person. More freshly, people pursuing SRS often recognize as transgender instead of transsexual.
In short Sex change surgery refers to the administration of surgery to alter the sex appearance according to one’s sex identity. There are two types of surgery.
Genital surgical sex reassignment: surgery of the genitalia and/or breasts performed for the reason of altering the morphology in order to estimate the physical appearance of the genetically other sex.
Non genital surgical sex reassignment: any and all other surgical procedures of non-genitalia or non-breast, conducted for the purpose of effecting a more masculine appearance in a genetic female or for the reason of effecting more feminine appearance in a genetic male.